PROJECT ID

COTTON

PROJECT TYPE

Exploratory research

FLAGSHIP

Not applicable

STATUS

Completed

SESAR PROGRAMME

SESAR 2020

PROJECT DURATION

2018-01-01 > 2019-12-31

TOTAL COST

1 008 342,50

EU CONTR.

622 522,50

GRANT ID

783222

PARTICIPANTS

Centro De Referencia Investigacion Desarrollo E Innovacion ATM (CRIDA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Eurocontrol, Ecole Nationale De L' Aviation Civile (ENAC), Universidad Politecnica De Madrid, Technische Universiteit Delft

Capacity Management proposed by SESAR 2020 is achieved by applying advanced airspace management processes materialised in the management of Dynamic Airspace Configurations (DAC) solution. DAC solution develops sector design, sector configurations and opening schemes processes to optimise the use of the available capacity and balance the ATC workload. Flight Centric ATC solution strengthens Capacity Management by providing additional flexibility and cost-effectiveness as it proposes that controllers are no longer in charge of managing the entire traffic within a given sector. Capacity Management processes benefit from combining these two solutions increasing flexibility in case of “sudden” demand/capacity changes.
Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) allows obtaining reliable information related to trajectory uncertainty thanks to the better reliability of the available trajectory information. Assessment and definition of a proper use of this trajectory uncertainty information within Capacity Management processes will significantly enforce its effectiveness. Optimisation of the Capacity Management processes can be achieved not only incorporating the abovementioned trajectory uncertainty into their associated demand and capacity model, but also developing trajectory-based complexity metrics more suitable to the most innovative aspects of DAC and Flight Centric solutions.


COTTON aim is to maximise the effectiveness of the Capacity Management processes in TBO taking full advantage of the available trajectory information. Three sub-objectives are identified:


1. Improve the use of trajectory-based complexity and workload assessment to support Capacity Management enabled by Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) including uncertainty.
2. Identify and promote the benefits of Trajectory-Based Operations to develop innovative demand/capacity models based on Dynamic Airspace Configuration and Flight Centric ATC solutions.
3. Explore DAC and Flight Centric ATC solutions integration.

COTTON (Capacity Optimisation in TrajecTory-based OperatioNs) project addresses the research topic ER3-03-2016 ‘Optimised ATM Network Services: TBO’, and in particular the challenge of exploring how the uncertainties associated with the agreed trajectory will impact the quality of the predictions – both volume and complexity of traffic demand – and the effectiveness of Demand and Capacity Balancing (DCB) processes regarding airspace management. To achieve this goal, COTTON identifies three main objectives:

  • Improve the use of trajectory-based complexity assessment to support Capacity Management (CM) including uncertainty.
  • Identify and promote the benefits of Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) to develop innovative DCB models based on Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) and Flight Centric ATC (FCA) solutions
  • Explore DAC and FCA solutions integration.

cotton objectives

To achieve its objectives, COTTON has assessed the suitability of the available complexity metrics to support DAC, FCA, and integrated DAC/FCA CM process. From the result of this assessment, COTTON has selected three candidate complexity metrics, namely Solution Space, Cognitive Complexity and Geometrical Complexity. It has evolved their mathematical formulation; and developed complexity-based methods to assess capacity in DAC and FCA.

cotton methodology

COTTON proposes a complementary use of these three enhanced complexity metrics to build COTTON Complexity Assessment, which is flexible enough to support each CM sub-process; with the due granularity to address the specificities of DAC and FCA airspaces; and effective at each planning phase. The development and integration of COTTON Complexity Assessment within the CM processes constitutes COTTON Enhanced Capacity Management, whose potential benefits are assessed in COTTON validation.

The impact of COTTON proposed solutions on the most relevant Key Performance Areas (KPAs) has been evaluated by means of three Fast Time Simulations to test not only DAC and FCA solutions in isolation but also potential alternatives for their safe integration.

cotton usecase

European Union
Capacity optimisation in trajectory-based operations - COTTON TBO