The point merge route structure provides a more efficient way to vector aircraft down to the final approach path. It allows departure and arrival streams to operate independently without risk of conflict, and delivers more predictable arrival times. The concept is simple. By designing standard sequencing legs ahead of the final approach point, aircraft can be guided along shorter or longer distances in order to reach a single entry point. For a busy terminal area controllers can start to sequence arrivals at an earlier stage, while pilots receive fewer interventions so can fly a more efficient approach path down to the runway.

At the extremity of the terminal airspace, arriving aircraft are vectored along an arc from where the timing of their turn towards the merge point determines the landing sequence. The procedure takes advantage of precision navigation technology (P-RNAV) on board modern aircraft, enabling them to fly precise pathways in the sky. The simplicity of point merge means that it is intuitive for the controllers to use, and requires fewer radio exchanges with the pilot. Fewer radar vectors also means less uncertainty on the flight deck with regard to the anticipated tactical route and the distance to go. The pilot can fly a continuous descent approach (CDA) path - rather than stepped height changes – consuming less fuel, while non P-RNAV equipped aircraft can still be vectored to the final approach point.

Live trials have demonstrated the potential to increase airspace capacity in more complex environments, while maintaining or improving safety, air navigation provision efficiency and reducing emissions. This solution is available for industrialisation. SESAR validation activities successfully demonstrated the application of point merge procedures in complex TMAs. Point merge is already providing more efficient arrival streams into Ireland (Dublin), France, Italy (Milan Bergamo), Norway, Turkey and the UK (London City and Biggin Hill).